What is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) responsible for in the liver?

What is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) responsible for in the liver?

• A. Absorbing alcohol into the bloodstream
• B. Breaking down alcohol into acetaldehyde
• C. Transporting alcohol to the kidneys
• D. Storing alcohol as fat

Answer: (B)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol in the liver by breaking down ethanol, the active component in alcoholic beverages, into acetaldehyde. This enzymatic process is the first step in alcohol metabolism. Once alcohol is consumed and enters the bloodstream, it is primarily metabolized in the liver, where ADH converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, a toxic compound. Acetaldehyde is then further metabolized into acetic acid by another enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which is less harmful and can be eventually utilized or eliminated by the body. Understanding the role of ADH is essential for recognizing how the body processes alcohol and the potential effects of alcohol consumption, including intoxication and damage to liver cells from the actions of acetaldehyde. The other options do not accurately describe the function of ADH. Absorbing alcohol into the bloodstream is a process that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, not the liver. Transporting alcohol to the kidneys relates to the excretion process, which is not a responsibility of ADH. Storing alcohol as fat implies a storage process that involves other metabolic pathways, not the direct action of ADH.

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol in the liver by breaking down ethanol, the active component in alcoholic beverages, into acetaldehyde. This enzymatic process is the first step in alcohol metabolism. Once alcohol is consumed and enters the bloodstream, it is primarily metabolized in the liver, where ADH converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, a toxic compound.

Acetaldehyde is then further metabolized into acetic acid by another enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which is less harmful and can be eventually utilized or eliminated by the body. Understanding the role of ADH is essential for recognizing how the body processes alcohol and the potential effects of alcohol consumption, including intoxication and damage to liver cells from the actions of acetaldehyde.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of ADH. Absorbing alcohol into the bloodstream is a process that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, not the liver. Transporting alcohol to the kidneys relates to the excretion process, which is not a responsibility of ADH. Storing alcohol as fat implies a storage process that involves other metabolic pathways, not the direct action of ADH.